Happy Days By Samuel Beckett - 1273 Words

Happy Days by Samuel Beckett is not an easy play to categorize by genre. However, I could not qualify it as purely a comedy. It does have comedic components, but the humor is more of a tool to distract from the desolate tragedy of the play. Happy Days is an attempt at a satirical piece that targets the audience of the play. It implies that those watching the play are tragic beings themselves, who inhabit a world a routine, lost memories, and futile efforts to find fulfillment in language. Though, Happy Days cannot be solely treated as a tragic play about the existential crisis, either. There still are elements that draw the play into the conventions of comedy. Therefore, the play is more of a tragi-comedy than anything else, falling†¦show more content†¦Isherwood describes her spirit as indomitably chipper...as she spends her long hours babbling merrily, keeping up a bright sheen of optimism, expecting every day to be a happy day, in benign acceptance of her strange predicam ent (Isherwood, Review). This is a key theme of the play. Winnie s refusal to give up opposes the tragedy within the play with her enduring optimism. She pulls them out of her bag with purpose, it is a routine. These items are all she has. Winnie makes do with what she has, and she persuades herself that her belongings and Willie s presence for her monologues are enough to sustain purpose. These items also connect Winnie to her memories of certain occasions that are important. What is interesting about these objects is that they are all getting clearly old. These items clearly keep Winnie happy, and as they run out she has to fight harder to stay optimistic. She is slowly losing the materials that give her hope and meaning. It is ironic that the only item from her bag that does not change is the gun. Unfortunately, the available sources of Winnie s optimism are being used up and she has to work harder and harder to keep up her positive front which is already wafer-thin when we first meet her. brings out toothbrush, rummages again, brings out flat tube of tooth-paste, turns back front, unscrews cap of tube, lays cap on ground, squeezes withShow MoreRelatedWinnies Dramatic Story in â€Å"Happy Days by Samuel Beckett Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesSamuel Beckett’s play, â€Å"Happy Days,† portrays a woman, Winnie, buried in the ground, first up to her waist, then up to her neck, determined to live out her meaningful life. Although her situation is hopeless because she has no idea how she got there, Winnie trusts that her life is meaningful and truly believes that there is nothing she can do to change it. Consequently, Winnie focuses on trivial details to pass each day. Beckett definitely succeeds in making this character’s life dramatic by consumingRead MoreViolation Of The Maxims Of Cooperative Principle7912 Words   |  32 Pages Chapter –I For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English (Ph. D.) Research Topic Violation of the Maxims of Cooperative Principle in Samuel Beckett’s Selected Plays. Research Student Mr. Mundhe Ganesh Balavantrao Research Guide Dr. B. A. Jarange Place of Research Institute of Advanced Studies in English, Pune CONTENTS 1) Introduction 2) Rationale of the Study 3) Hypothesis 4) Review of the Research Work 5) Aims and Objectives of the Research Project 6) Data, Methodology and TechniquesRead MoreWaiting For Godot1686 Words   |  7 PagesWaiting for Godot: Time Waits For No Man Waiting for Godot is an original French play written in 1948 by author Samuel Beckett. The play was first performed in 1953, and then later translated into English. The aftermath of World War II left the entire country of France unstable and in desperate need of government and economic reform. Beckett uses the crisis of this time period in France to emphasize the time passing for two characters, Estragon and Vladimir who hopelessly wait for Godot, whom isRead More Waiting for Godot and The House of Bernarda Alba Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough Adela’s rebellious spirit signifies living a life that is passionate, while in Waiting for Godot Beckett seems to imply that life is meaningless. Whilst Waiting for Godot focuses more on the metaphorical aspect of death, The House of Bernarda Alba takes on the literal death through Adela’s suicide. As playwrights, Lorca and Beckett convey their views on life and death through their works. Beckett portrays a cyclical, bor ing existence in Waiting for Godot, whilst dramatic action is explicitly evidentRead MoreBeckett And The Realism Theatre Of Henrik Ibsen2026 Words   |  9 PagesIn the very basic formats of theatre, including plot, form, and stage design, there are a large amount of differences between the absurd theatre of Samuel Beckett and the realism theatre of Henrik Ibsen; however, both these playwrights look to challenge their audience and the theatrical conventions and expectations of their time. Beckett challenges the idea of how language, time, and human existence are presented and perceived within a play; Ibsen challenges the conventional ideas of his time withRead MoreMans Search for Meaning in Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot1155 Words   |  5 Pages Beckett was interested in putting everyday banality onto the stage in an experimentation of what theatre is. He attempts to provide a truer interpretation of ‘real life’ than that often depicted in previous theatre, which may typically contain excitement, exaggeration and liveliness. He suggests that one of the major constituents of human experience is boredom, indeed the very concept of ‘Waiting for Godot’ echoes this, and Beckett implies that much of life is spent waiting Read MoreSamuel Beckett: Sound and Silence Essay2214 Words   |  9 PagesSamuel Beckett: Sound and Silence Patrick Richert FHSU February 15, 2013 Samuel Beckett was a world renown author of poetry, novels, and theatrical plays. He was born in Ireland and spent much of his adult life in Paris. His works were primarily written in French, and then translated, many times by the author himself, into English. He is known for creating works of dark comedy, and absurdism, and later in his career a minimalist. Due to his late start as an author, he is considered oneRead MoreThe Ones Who Walk Away1715 Words   |  7 Pagesby the narrator, using cruel and unpleasant descriptions that illustrate the presence of suffering and evil in Omelas (Posella 3). It is so thin there are no calves to its legs; its belly protrudes; it lives on a half-bowl of corn meal and grease a day. It is naked. Its buttocks and thighs are a mass of festered sores, as it sits in its own excrement continually. They all know it is there, all the people of Omelas (LeGuin 7). It is revealed to readers that all of the citizens of Omelas know of thisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Ones Who Walk Away From 1625 Words   |  7 Pagesby the narrator, using cruel and unpleasant descriptions that illustrate the presence of suffering and evil in Omelas (Posella 3). It is so thin there are no calves to its legs; its belly protrudes; it lives on a half-bowl of corn meal and grease a day. It is naked. Its buttocks and thighs are a mass of festered sores, as it sits in its own excrement continually. They all know it is there, all the people of Omelas (LeGuin 7). It is revealed to readers that all of the citizens of Omelas know of thisRead MoreThe Belief in a Savior in Waiting for Godot, by Samuel Beckett967 Words   |  4 Pages Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett entails more than one moral or lesson within the story. I feel that the moral of the story is up to the perception of the reader, however. It has been discussed that there is no relationship between God and waiting for salvation. However, in my opinion, I think that Estragon and Vladimir were waiting for God to â€Å"show up† for them and were unable to receive any salvation. This ties into the idea of struggling and striving for a better life while

Definition of Gothic Literature

In the most general terms,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Gothic literature can be defined as writing that employs dark and picturesque scenery, startling and melodramatic narrative devices, and an overall atmosphere of exoticism, mystery, fear, and dread. Often, a Gothic novel or story will revolve around a large, ancient house that conceals a terrible secret or that serves as the refuge of an especially frightening and threatening character. Despite the fairly common use of this bleak motif, Gothic writers have also used supernatural elements, touches of romance, well-known historical characters, and travel and adventure narratives to entertain their readers. The type is a subgenre of Romantic literature—thats Romantic the period, not romance novels with breathless lovers with wind-swept hair on their paperback covers—and much fiction today stems from it. Development of the Genre Gothic literature developed during the Romantic period in Britain; the first mention of Gothic, as pertaining to literature, was in the subtitle of Horace Walpoles 1765 story The Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story which, the British Library says, was meant by the author as a subtle joke. When he used the word it meant something like ‘barbarous,’ as well as ‘deriving from the Middle Ages.’ In the book, its purported that the story was an ancient one, then recently discovered. But thats just part of the tale. The supernatural elements in the story, though, launched a whole new genre, which took off in Europe. Then Americas Edgar Allen Poe got a hold of it in the mid-1800s and succeeded like no one else. In Gothic literature, he found a place to explore psychological trauma, the evils of man, and mental illness. Any modern-day zombie story, detective story, or Stephen King novel owes a debt to Poe. There may have been successful Gothic writers before and after him, but no one perfected the genre quite like Poe. Major Gothic Writers A few of the most influential and popular 18th-century Gothic writers were Horace Walpole (The Castle of Otranto, 1765), Ann Radcliffe (Mysteries of Udolpho, 1794), Matthew Lewis  (The Monk,  1796), and Charles Brockden Brown (Wieland, 1798). The genre continued to command a large readership well into the 19th century, first as Romantic authors such as Sir Walter Scott (â€Å"The Tapestried Chamber, 1829) adopted Gothic conventions, then later as Victorian writers such as Robert Louis Stevenson (The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1886) and Bram Stoker (Dracula, 1897) incorporated Gothic motifs in their stories of horror and suspense. Elements of Gothic fiction are prevalent in several of the acknowledged classics of 19th-century literature, including Mary Shelleys Frankenstein (1818), Nathaniel Hawthornes The House of the Seven Gables (1851), Charlotte Brontà «s Jane Eyre (1847), Victor Hugos The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1831 in French), and many of the tales written by Edgar Allan Poe (â€Å"The Murders in the Rue Morgue,† 1841; The Tell-Tale Heart, 1843). Similarities With Gothic Architecture   There are important, though not always consistent, connections between Gothic literature and Gothic architecture. Gothic structures, with their abundant carvings, crevices, and shadows, can conjure an aura of mystery and darkness and often served as appropriate settings in Gothic literature for the mood conjured up there. Gothic writers tended to cultivate those emotional effects in their works, and some of the authors even dabbled in architecture. Horace Walpole also designed a whimsical, castle-like Gothic residence called Strawberry Hill. Influence on Todays Fiction Today, Gothic literature has been replaced by ghost and horror stories, detective fiction, suspense and thriller novels, and other contemporary forms that emphasize mystery, shock, and sensation. While each of these types is (at least loosely) indebted to Gothic fiction, the Gothic genre was also appropriated and reworked by novelists and poets who, on the whole, cannot be strictly classified as Gothic writers. In the novel Northanger Abbey, Jane Austen affectionately showcased the misconceptions and immaturities that could be produced by misreading Gothic literature. In experimental narratives such The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom! William Faulkner transplanted Gothic preoccupations—threatening mansions, family secrets, doomed romance—to the American South. And in his multigenerational chronicle One Hundred Years of Solitude, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez constructs a violent, dreamlike narrative around a family house that takes on a dark life of its own.

Importance of Organisational Design Free Essays

THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANISATIONAL DESIGN AND ITS IMPACT ON ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR The impact of globalization and new technologies on business environment has made it vital for organisations to constantly reassess their structure. French et al (2008), stresses that an organisation should be able to design its tasks and delegate some duties so that it can achieve its mission and vision. It is necessary to explore the importance of organisational design and how it can help in understanding the behaviour of informal and formal groups. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Organisational Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now Organisational design refers to the roles and formal reporting relationships that exist within an organisation. According to French et al (2008), it is selecting and implementing a structure for an organisation. The structure of an organisation is the assigned interrelationships and networks that exist among organizational resources (Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn, 2005). Organisational structure can be flat or hierarchical, bureaucratic, organic or hybrid. There are arguments that organisations are now less hierarchical in structure (Molinsky et al, 2012). In contrast, there are several who claim that the modern organisational structures are still very controlling with top-down power (Diefenbach and Sillince, 2011). The purpose of the organisational design is to prepare a layout for which the objectives of the organisation are achieved as it is to align with the organisation’s core competencies. Organisational design has to flexible and must be in alignment with the organisation’s strategy (Goold and Campbell, 2002). When the organisational strategy changes, components of organisation design such as structures roles and functions should be realigned to cater for this change (Corkindale, 2011). If there is a misalignment of organisation design with the organisation’s strategy, the result will be frustrating as employee performance will not drive organisational goals. Every organisation has both formal and informal structures. The formal structure represents the different types of design (i. e. hierarchical, matrix, flat etc. ) where the positions are clearly distinguished while the informal structure is built on individual associations and social processes (Mullins, 2011). This informal order cuts across the formal structure and is needed to keep the formal structure in order. An organisational structure that emphasises the formal structure over the informal structure will lead to bureaucratic and rigid organisation. Also, organisation design dictates the communication and decision loop within an organisation. Huber and McDaniel (1986) argue that organisations design should be carried with the objective of facilitating organisational decisions. Poor organisation design might lead to top management totally detached from the base operation of the business, missing out crucial details on every day realities of the business. A good organisation design should provide us with an insight into the organisational strategy, its communication and decision making loop and if it takes advantage of its formal and informal structures. Where the organisation design cannot provide these insights, it is most likely ineffective. Therefore Managers should always therefore strive to get feedback from the employees about the organisation structure and if it affects the ways they relate with one another and if it helps to fulfil their achievement needs (French et al, 2008). How to cite Importance of Organisational Design, Essay examples

Information Technology in HealthCare Strategic Application of Informa

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology in HealthCare for Strategic Application of Information Technology. Anwer: Introduction The system for health care generally utilizes less IT than different organizations yet outlines demonstrate that suppliers are growing their endeavors. The level of IT and the sorts of IT sent vary by setting and association. The transcendence of IT in any setting, all things considered, mirrors the nature of the drivers and obstructions to wander. For a few affiliations, quality and method redesigns are key drivers. For others, gets in profitability induce wander. Be that as it may, the cost and the multifaceted nature of IT usage, including important hierarchical and work process upgrade, posture extensive boundaries, as it does instability with respect to the steadiness of the IT business. (Armstrong, 2003) Information Technology in Health care By and large, IT permits human services suppliers to accumulate, store, recuperate, and trade information electronically. In any case, more specific examination of IT in restorative administrations is trying due to the nonappearance of careful definitions, the volume of uses, and a speedy pace of advancement in development. All in all, the different IT applications fall into three classes: Managerial and frameworks budgetary that bookkeeping, charging the encourage and other managerial undertakings; Frameworks of Clinical that encourage or give a contribution to the care process; and The framework that backings both the managerial and clinical applications. (Gawande. 2003) Terms and technology used Interoperability: This theory belongs to communication through electronic between various industries thus information in single system of IT will get incorporated into other. EMM (Electronics Materials Management): The firms of health care use the EMM for managing and tracking the inventory of some other materials, pharmaceuticals and supplies. ADM (Automated Dispensing Machines): This method will only distribute the medication. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification): In method is used for tracking the patients throughout the links to the lab and hospital and tracking the medication with the help of system of wireless communication. (Chin, 2004) Bar Coding: This in the environment of health care is same as the scanning of the bar code in another environment. PACS (Picture Archiving and System of communication): This method integrates and captures the images of radiological and diagnostic from different devices, then it get stored, and then disseminates to the record of medical. CDSS (Clinical Decision Support System): This method gives nurses and physicians with the real-time treatment and diagnostic treatments. (Darves, 2004) CPOE (Computerized Provider for Order Entry): This is the normal form that is used mainly in fulfillment system and medication ordering. EHR (Electronics Health record): They were normally predict as the cabinet for electronic file for information patient from different sources. Health and Quality for IT The main motivators for assuming the IT applications for clinical health belief that it will enhance the patient care quality. Then further requirement is for research for understanding and better document the link among quality and IT, containing the quality issues types the technology of information which will be used for executing and solving the strategies for ensuring that quality of the aims met. (Garza, 2004) The health care quality will rely totally on patients, nurses, physicians and their associated families and some of them have correct data at correct time. CPOE enhanced quality and wellbeing through one of the accompanying activities: Decreasing pharmaceutical blunders, including unfavorable medication occasions; Diminishing measurement blunders; Recommending certain pharmaceuticals all the more decisively; or Endorsing with enhanced exactness by personnel and occupants. Electronic wellbeing records are regularly executed with (Liu. 2004) CPOE and choice bolster endeavors; thusly, it is troublesome to assess independently their effect on quality. The quality advantages of interest in IT are regularly accomplished after colossal endeavors and a few activities have fizzled. A late investigation of the impact of modernized rules for overseeing coronary illness in essential consideration found that advanced updates from an EHR neglected to make strides adherence to acknowledged practice rules or results for patients with coronary illness. Information Technology in Health care current status The level of IT use differs by social insurance setting: Drug stores are for the most part propelled clients, while other settings, for example, doctor workplaces or nursing homes are further behind. The sort of innovation utilized additionally fluctuates by setting. (Dodge, J. 2004) IT and the Internet have too significantly affected purchasers. Various sites have made wellbeing data more accessible to patients, in this way reinforcing their part in consideration choices. The Internet additionally helps customers pick suppliers by permitting back up plans and others (counting Medicare) to post data on suppliers including, in some examples, near quality data. This area additionally takes a gander at connecting human services suppliers through a data base, or "interoperable" frameworks that permit correspondence among the IT applications utilized by various suppliers. In hospitals Information Technology For the innovation of data dissemination in the healing facilities changes with the variety of innovation. Foundation advancements assemble the base that dissimilar innovations work from, and normally incorporate both diffused proceeds, for example, email and information transfers, and those that are less regular, for instance, associations of remote and voice acknowledgment. Base ventures extra incorporate that are keeping up framework of secure information that consent to government security rules. (Givens, R. 2003) CPOE utilization for the evaluations modification, however a few report studies that clinics having 5 to 6 percent as of now have the framework. A late study of clinic venture needs by the Management of the Association for Health Care Financial showed that IT will be high a need as the development of capital. Among IT applications, this overview proposed an requesting that are alternate of needs than studies that are different. The investigation of 460 mending office and structure CFOs exhibited that 72 percent predict placing assets into PACS, 64 percent in CPOE, and 61 percent in other huge information development. The same study watched that general capital spending is depended upon to rise 14 percent consistently for the accompanying five years. (Glaser, J. P. 2002) Health care and Hospitals names of executives based on safety and security Name of executives for healthcare and hospitals with clinical applications and bar coding Linking IT with Health care Today health care includes extensive sharing of data among suppliers, for example, doctors' workplaces, healing centers, imaging centers, and clinical examination offices, and furthermore among suppliers and payers. A human administrations information base would give the frameworks and rules to allow suppliers inside a gathering to share information electronically. In a development, patients could use it to get to their remedial records or other human administrations information from all suppliers. A vital focus of those upholding the medicinal services data framework is improvement of measures for informing so that one IT framework can speak with another. (Valdes. 2003) Outside motivating forces for utilization of wellbeing data innovation The essential driver of appropriationthe relationship amongst IT and quality changemight be reinforced by awards for examination on the estimation of wellbeing IT, additionally by buyer and arrangement desires and impetuses for amazing consideration. A less immediate way to deal with urging dispersion is to compensate the result of executing wellbeing IT, for instance, higher quality. The relationship between compensating suppliers for higher quality and usage of IT is not demonstrated. In any case, gathering and breaking down the information important to gauge quality execution, and actualizing process change, is less demanding with IT. (Sim. 2004) Conclusion Below are some of the suggested ways: Installment approach: Buyers and arrangements can empower the selection of IT by: Paying more to suppliers who embrace certain types of data innovation or Paying more for the quality item that may come about when data innovation is utilized. Credit stores: To give the essential venture subsidizes, some have proposed building up a wellbeing innovation credit store or provincial assets. Stipends: The government and private establishments are as of now utilizing stipends to goad further dissemination, yet these endeavors could be extended. Government awards could empower further private segment speculation. Prerequisites to embrace the particular innovation: The Medicare system or private payers could likewise oblige suppliers to receive certain sorts of innovation, for example, CPOE for clinics. (Morrissey, J. 2004) References Armstrong, D. 2003. Study finds increase in medication errors at U.S. hospitals. Wall Street Journal. Bates, D. W., and A. A. Gawande. 2003. Improving safety with information technology. New England Journal of Medicine 348, no. 25: 25262534. Chin, T. 2004. Financing high-tech: You can afford it after all. American Medical News (March 8). https://www.amaassn.org/amednews. Darves, B. 2004. CPOE: The promise and the pitfalls. HealthLeaders https://www.healthleaders.com. De La Garza, P. 2004. VA vows to retrain Bay Pines staffers. St. Petersburg Times Devers, K. J., and G. Liu. 2004. Leapfrog patient-safety standards are a stretch for most hospitals. Issue brief no. 77. Washington, DC: Center for Studying Health System Change. Dodge, J. 2004. Exclusive: A conversation at HIMSS with Richard Granger. Health-IT World https://www.bioitworld.com/archive/retort/. Givens, R. 2003. Clinical transformation: Cross-industry lessons for health care. New York: Deloitte Research. Glaser, J. P. 2002. The strategic application of information technology in health care organizations. Hoboken, NJ: JosseyBass. McVicar, N., and A. M. Valdes. 2003. Hospitals seek RX for drug mistakes bar-coding, computers help cut errors. South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. pg.1.A. Miller, R. H., and I. Sim. 2004. Physicians use of electronic medical records: Barriers and solutions. Health Affairs 23, no. 2: 116126. Morrissey, J. 2004. Capital crunch eats away at IT. Modern Healthcare 34, no.8: 3262. https://www.modernhealthcare.com.